| Digital multimeter | $20–$500+ | Basic voltage, continuity, and resistance checks | Initial troubleshooting and low-voltage control circuits | Check measurement category and voltage rating for the intended environment; use suitable leads and probes. | Not a substitute for insulation, contact-resistance, or high-current testing. |
| Insulation resistance tester | $100–$2,000+ | Insulation resistance at a selected DC test voltage | Maintenance checks on isolated switchgear, cables, and equipment insulation | Choose appropriate test voltages, timed measurements, discharge functions, and data recording. | Equipment must be safely isolated; results depend on temperature, condition, and test procedure. |
| Low-resistance ohmmeter (micro-ohmmeter) | $500–$5,000+ | Contact resistance across closed switch contacts and joints | Condition assessment and comparison of conductive paths | Consider test current, measurement range, lead compensation, repeatability, and report features. | Requires a closed, isolated circuit and clean, secure connections for useful comparisons. |
| Primary injection test set | $5,000–$30,000+ | High-current injection for testing trip paths, current sensors, and protection circuits | Commissioning and maintenance of low-voltage breakers and associated protection systems | Match output current, duty cycle, control options, portability, and supply requirements to the equipment under test. | High-current tests can be heavy, time-consuming, and disruptive; trained operators are essential. |
| Circuit-breaker timing and motion analyzer | $3,000–$20,000+ | Opening and closing times, pole synchronism, and—when equipped—travel or motion | Detailed assessment of breaker operating mechanisms and switching performance | Check channel count, sensor compatibility, test-lead configuration, and analysis software. | Setup and interpretation require breaker-specific procedures and suitable sensor installation. |
| Protective relay test set | $5,000–$40,000+ | Secondary injection of current and voltage; relay pickup, timing, and logic checks | Testing protection relays and control schemes without injecting primary current into the main circuit | Select output channels, current and voltage ranges, binary inputs/outputs, and automated test support. | Secondary injection alone does not verify the complete primary-current path or all field wiring. |
| AC dielectric withstand tester | $500–$10,000+ | Insulation withstand testing at specified AC test voltages | Controlled dielectric tests where required by an applicable standard or maintenance procedure | Verify voltage range, leakage-current measurement, interlocks, ramp control, and safety enclosure needs. | Can stress insulation; use only when the equipment procedure and applicable standard call for it. |