| Timber species | Pine | Softwood commonly used for painted and stained window frames. Indicative density is approximately 450–550 kg/m³ at about 12% moisture content; values vary by species and grade. | Check the specified pine species, grading, knot limits, moisture content, and whether frame members are solid or laminated. |
| Timber species | Larch | Softwood with a comparatively dense structure; indicative density is approximately 550–650 kg/m³ at about 12% moisture content. Natural durability varies with species and heartwood content. | Confirm the timber grade and the intended exterior coating system; density and durability figures are indicative rather than guarantees of service life. |
| Timber species | Oak | Hardwood with a prominent grain; indicative density is approximately 600–750 kg/m³ at about 12% moisture content, depending on species and origin. | Check species identification, drying quality, movement allowances, and compatibility with the selected finish and hardware. |
| Timber species | Eucalyptus | Hardwood group with substantial variation between species; indicative density can be approximately 550–750 kg/m³ at about 12% moisture content. | Request the exact species and grade. Confirm drying, stability, and suitability for the specified frame section and exposure conditions. |
| Frame component | Stiles and rails | Vertical and horizontal members forming the main sash or frame structure. | Review section dimensions, corner-joint construction, timber continuity, and any laminated or finger-jointed construction shown in the specification. |
| Frame component | Mullions and transoms | Intermediate vertical and horizontal members that divide a frame or glazing area. | Confirm the layout, member sizes, and how the divisions affect glass sizes and the overall window configuration. |
| Frame component | Glazing beads and rebates | Beads retain glazing; rebates are the prepared sections that receive the glass or insulating glass unit. | Check that rebate dimensions suit the specified glazing build-up and that the glazing detail allows appropriate sealing and drainage. |
| Frame component | Sill and drip detail | The sill helps shed water away from the lower frame; a drip detail can reduce water tracking back underneath. | Review sill slope, end-grain protection, and connections to the surrounding wall and drainage details. |
| Sealing and hardware | Weather seals, gaskets, and hardware | Compression seals and gaskets help limit air and water passage; hinges, handles, and locking parts enable operation and closure. | Confirm compatibility among seals, sash design, hardware, and the specified opening type. Request test evidence when performance ratings are required. |
| Manufacturing | Timber drying and conditioning | Moisture content is controlled before machining and assembly. A range of about 8–12% is commonly specified for joinery, but the appropriate target depends on the service climate and project requirements. | Ask for the project moisture-content specification and documented checks; avoid treating one target range as suitable for every climate. |
| Manufacturing | Machining and corner joints | Profiles and joinery may be produced using CNC or conventional machining. Corner joints can include mortise-and-tenon or other engineered joints. | Check drawings, tolerances, joint fit, adhesive specification where applicable, and sample workmanship before production approval. |
| Manufacturing | Laminated or finger-jointed stock | Engineered timber sections are assembled from smaller pieces and may be used to form longer or more consistent frame members. | Request details of the timber grade, adhesive, joint locations, and suitability of the finished member for the intended exposure. |
| Finishing and quality control | Coating, sealing, and inspection | Exterior coatings protect exposed timber surfaces; end-grain sealing and careful coverage of joints are important parts of the finishing process. | Specify the coating system, colour, application process, and inspection criteria. Confirm that glass, seals, drainage paths, and hardware are checked before packing. |
| Note: Density figures are approximate reference ranges, not product guarantees. Timber properties vary by species, origin, grade, and moisture content. For supplier comparisons, request project-specific drawings, material specifications, samples, and relevant test documentation. |